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Pitman Shorthand System

By the kind Blessings of

Honourable Sir Issaac Pitman
(Honourable Sir Isaac Pitman)
(God Father of Stenographers and Secretaries)


Sir Isaac Pitman (January 4, 1813 – January 12, 1897), knighted in 1894,
developed the most widely used system of shorthand, known now as
Pitman Shorthand. He first proposed this in Stenographic Sound hand
in 1837. Pitman was a Head Master in Government School and great
philosopher by nature. After leaving his Government job, he taught at a
private school he founded in Wotton-under-Edge. He was also
the vice president of the Vegetarian Society.

History
Sir Isaac Pitman was asked to create a shorthand system of his
own in 1837. He had used Samuel Taylor's system for seven years,
but his symbols bear greater similarity to the older Byrom system.
The first phonetician to invent a system of shorthand, Pitman used
similar-looking symbols for phonetically related sounds.
He was the first to use thickness of a stroke to indicate voicing
(voiced consonants such as 'b' and 'd' are written with heavier
lines than unvoiced ones such as 'p' and 't'),
and consonants with similar place of articulation were orientated in
similar directions, with straight lines for plosives and arcs for fricatives.
For example, the dental and alveolar consonants are
upright: "|" [t], "|" [d], ) [s], ")" [z], "(" [θ] (as in thigh), "(" [ð] (as in thy).

Pitman's brother Benjamin Pitman settled in Cincinnati, Ohio in the
United States and introduced Pitman's system there. He used it in the
1865–67 trial of the conspirators behind the assassination of
Abraham Lincoln. In Australia the system was introduced by another
Pitman brother, Jacob. Jacob Pitman is buried in Sydney's
Rookwood Necropolis, in Australia. The epitaph is written phonetically.[5]

IN MUVING MEMERI OV JACOB PITMAN, BORN NOV. 28, 1810
TROWBRIDGE ENGLAND, SETELD IN ADELAIDE 1838 DEID
12TH MARCH 1890 ARKITEKT INTRODIUST FONETIK
SHORTHAND AND WOZ THE FERST MINISTER IN THEEZ
KOLONIZ OV THE DOKTRINZ OV THE SEKOND OR NIU
KRISTIAN CHURCH WHICH AKNOLEJEZ THE LORD JESUS
CHRIST IN HIZ DEVEIN HIUMANITI AZ THE KREATER OV
THE YUNIVERS THE REDEEMER AND REJENERATER OV
MEN GOD OVER AUL BLESED FOR EVER.
At one time, Pitman was the most commonly used shorthand
system in the entire English-speaking world.[6] Part of its popularity
was due to the fact that it was the first subject taught by
correspondence course.


Pitman shorthand
is a system of shorthand for the English language developed by
Englishman Sir Isaac Pitman (1813–1897), who first presented it in
1837.[1] Like most systems of shorthand, it is a phonetic system;
the symbols do not represent letters, but rather sounds, and words are,
for the most part, written as they are spoken.[2] As of 1996[update],
Pitman shorthand was the most popular shorthand system used in the
United Kingdom and the second most popular in the United States.[3]
One characteristic feature of Pitman shorthand is that voiceless and voiced
sounds (such as /p/ and /b/) are represented by strokes that differ only
in thickness (the thick stroke representing the voiced consonant).[4]
Another distinguishing feature is that there is more than one way of
indicating vowels. The main vowel of a word or phrase is indicated by the
position of the stroke with respect to the rules of the notebook.
(For example, a small circle drawn above the line translates to as/has and
the same circle drawn on the line translates to is/his.) However,
there is a more straightforward way of indicating vowels, which is to
use dots or small dashes drawn close to the stroke of the preceding
consonant. The type of vowel is dependent on the relative position of
the dot or dash to the stroke (beginning, middle, or end). There
are at least three "dialects" of Pitman's shorthand: the original
Pitman's, Pitman's New Era, and Pitman's 2000. The later versions
dropped certain symbols and introduced other simplifications to earlier
versions. For example, strokes "rer" (heavy curved downstroke) and
"kway", (hooked horizontal straight stroke) are present in Pitman's
New Era, but not in Pitman's 2000.

Classroom
CLASS ROOM

Consonants

Consonants in Pitman shorthand Letter Name Stroke
p b t d ch j k g f v th dh s z sh zh l r w y h

The consonants in Pitman's shorthand are:
pee, bee, tee, dee, chay, jay, kay, gay, eff, vee, ith, thee, es, zee,
ish, zhee, em, en, ing, el, ar, ray, way, yay, and hay.

When both an unvoiced consonant and its corresponding voiced
consonant are present in this system, the distinction is made by drawing
the stroke for the voiced consonant thicker than the one for the
unvoiced consonant. (Thus, s is ")", whereas z is ")".) There are two
strokes for /r/: ar and ray. The former assumes the form of the top
right-hand quarter of a circle, whereas the latter is like chay (/), only less
steep. There are rules governing when to use each of these forms.

 Points of a Consonant:-

A Consonant has three points for placing Vowels as shown below:

1. 1st Place (At the top)


2. 2nd Place (In the middle)


3. 3rd Place (At the end)

Vowels

The long vowels in Pitman's shorthand are:
/aː/, /eː/, /iː/, /ɑː/, /oː/, /uː/ (pronounced [aː], [eɪ], [ij], [ɑː] or [ɒː], [əʊ],
and [uw]). The short vowels are /æ/, /ɛ/, /ɪ/, /ɔ/, /ə/, /ʊ/
(pronounced as such). The long vowels may be remembered by
the sentence, "Pa, may we all go too?" /paː meː wiː ɑːl goː tuː/
[pʰaː meɪ wij ɑːl gəʊ tʰuw], and the short vowels may be remembered
by the sentence, "That pen is not much good" /ðæt pɛn ɪz nɔt mətʃ
gʊd/ [ðæt pʰɛn ɪz nɔt mətʃ gʊd]


Symbols of Vowels (Loj ds fpUg)

Loj fpUg dsoy 2 izdkj ds gksrs gSa

1. (.) Dot & fcUnh Dot - (Light Dot and Heavy Dot)
2. (-) Dash – NksVh js[kk Dash - (Light Dash and Heavy Dash)


Places of Vowels
Sir Pitman used the following Vowels at First Place

v vk vkb vk, vksb
a,aa,ah,i,aw,au,ou,aw,oi,oy

Second Place Vowels

, ,s vks ;q
e,ai,ay,o,u
Third Place Vowels

b bZ m ;w vkS
i,ie,ee,oo,u,uu,ow


Three places of writing a stroke as per their vowel voice:-

(We will write the stroke above the line
if 1st place vowel is placed on it)

(We will write the stroke on the line
if 2nd place vowel is placed on it)

(We will write the stroke through the line
if 3rd place vowel is placed on it)


A vowel is represented by a dot or a dash, which can be written
either lightly or heavily depending on the vowel needed. As this only
gives four symbols, they can be written in three different positions -
either at the beginning, middle or end of a consonant stroke - to
represent the 12 vowels.
The dots and dashes representing long vowels are darker than the
ones representing short vowels. For example, say is written as ")•",
but seh (if it did exist) would be written as ")·"; see is written as ").",
but sih

Another feature of Pitman's shorthand allows most vowels to be
omitted in order to speed up the process of writing. As mentioned
above, each vowel is written next to the consonant stroke at the
beginning, middle or end of the stroke. Pitman's shorthand is
designed to be written on lined paper and when a word's first
vowel is a "first position" vowel (ie. it is written at the beginning
of the stroke), the whole shorthand outline for the word is written
above the paper's ruled line. When it is a second position vowel,
the outline is written on the line. And when it is a third position
vowel it is written through the line. In this way, the position of the
outline indicates that the first vowel can only be one of four
possibilities. In most cases, this means that the first and often all
the other vowels can be omitted entirely. (if there were such a
word) would be written as ").".

Students studying in geography class

JOIN EASY CORRESPONDENCE COURSE IN SECRETARIAL PRACTICE



 Pitman's Secretarial Institute
Alipur, Delhi (India)
(Mission to help the youth students from poor families worldwide)

Offers
Students worldwide to join the following Correspondence Courses in Secretarial Practices :-

S.No. Name of Course Details Duration
1 Secretarial Practice Duties & Opportunities 1 year
2 Office Skills of Executive PA Modern Office Skills 1 year


Interested students may kindly contact us at the following office e-mail
or Mobile Number for joining in any course :-

pitman@instruction.com

Contact: Ram – 00-91-9268636460







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